Why do old books smell like that ?

Why do old books smell like that ?

We are all familiar with the nostalgic aroma  that comes as we open an old book ! Ever wondered the ‘why’ behind it?

Lets explore it with the science lens .

It occurs as a result of a number of changes, both chemical and environmental , occurring over time

The Chemistry of Aging Paper

Books are primarily made from paper, which historically was derived from wood pulp. Wood pulp contains a natural polymer called lignin, a compound that plays a crucial role in the characteristic smell of aged books.

1. Lignin – Vanillin Lignin helps bind the cellulose fibers in paper, giving it structure. However, over time, lignin breaks down, releasing aromatic compounds. One such compound is vanillin, which imparts a sweet, vanilla-like fragrance to old books.

2.  Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)– In addition to vanillin, lignin degradation produces other VOCs, including benzaldehyde (which smells like almonds) and furfural (which has a bread-like aroma). These compounds combine to create the symphony of scents associated with aged paper.

Changes in book Components

Alongside paper; they are other components too that undergo degradation with time

Ink: The pigments and solvents used in inks degrade, often producing subtle chemical odors.

Leather Bindings: For books with leather covers, the tanning agents and oils used in their preparation undergo chemical changes that add depth to the smell.

Glue: Many older books used animal-based adhesives, which break down and release their own distinct odors.

Environmental reactions

The conditions in which a book is stored significantly affect its scent profile.
For example – 1. A book from a damp library might carry a mossy note
2. One stored near a fireplace may have smoky undertones.

1. Humidity and Moisture- High humidity can lead to the growth of mold and mildew, contributing musty or earthy odors. Moisture also accelerates the breakdown of paper and glue, enhancing the emission of aromatic compounds.

2. Airborne Chemicals- Paper is porous and absorbs surrounding chemicals. Books stored in smoky, dusty, or perfumed environments acquire these external scents over time.

3. Acidic Paper and Deterioration- Many books from the early 20th century were made with acidic paper, which deteriorates faster. The breakdown of this paper produces more VOCs, enhancing the overall aroma of older books.

Why We Love the ‘Old Book’ effect ?

This complex aroma triggers emotions and memories, often evoking feelings of nostalgia and comfort. It is no surprise that “old book smell” has been replicated as perfumes and candles. For many, it is a reminder of quiet hours spent reading, libraries visited, or the charm of bygone eras.

Preservation and Care

If you wish to maintain the integrity of your books and their scent:
Store them in a cool, dry environment with minimal exposure to sunlight.

Use archival-quality storage materials to slow down deterioration.

Avoid environments with strong odors to keep the books’ natural aroma intact.

In Conclusion

The smell of old books is an amalgamation of scents , brewed over time. From the breakdown of lignin to the environmental influences they absorb, books carry a distinct fragrance that connects us to the past. So, the next time you open an old book and breathe in its scent, you’re not just enjoying a nostalgic moment; you’re experiencing the stories told by its chemistry and life.